A community-based study in Birmingham, UK, found that IBS affects 10.5% of the population, with a higher prevalence in women aged 15-45. The condition leads to a significant healthcare burden due to frequent medical visits, even for non-gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS is influenced by various factors, including psychological stress, food intolerances, genetic predispositions, and gut motility issues. The pathophysiology is thought to involve visceral hypersensitivity and dysregulation of the central nervous system.

Management of IBS includes both non-pharmacological strategies like diet and psychotherapy and pharmacological treatments, such as antidepressants, bulking agents, and antispasmodics. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been shown to improve IBS symptoms by altering pain perception and regulating gastrointestinal function. A meta-analysis of trials found that TCAs significantly reduced abdominal pain and improved clinical responses in patients with IBS, although side effects may limit their use. TCAs are particularly beneficial for moderate to severe cases, with dosing tailored to individual patient needs. Further research is required to refine their role in IBS treatment and compare their efficacy with other antidepressant classes.

Reference: Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Rezaie A, et al. Efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr 7;15(13):1548-53. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.1548. PMID: 19340896; PMCID: PMC2669938.