Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits, with a higher prevalence in women. Its subtypes, including IBS-C (constipation-predominant), are linked to gut microbiota changes, though whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence remains unclear. Studies show that patients with IBS often exhibit reduced microbial diversity, bacterial overgrowth, and mucosal biofilms, which may disrupt gut barrier function and trigger inflammation. Key microbial metabolites, such as bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and amino acid derivatives, play important roles in regulating gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and visceral sensitivity—making them potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Microbiota-derived metabolites differ between IBS subtypes and contribute to symptom severity. Neurotransmitters like serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine, regulated in part by gut microbes, are implicated in gut-brain signaling and visceral pain. Amino acid metabolites such as tryptophan derivatives and low fecal hypoxanthine levels may affect intestinal energy balance and epithelial repair. These findings suggest that targeting gut-derived metabolites could guide new diagnostic and treatment strategies for IBS. 

Reference: Xiao L, Liu Q, Luo M, et al. Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Sep 23;11:729346. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.729346. PMID: 34631603; PMCID: PMC8495119.