Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition of the gut-brain axis, marked by recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel movements, and bloating. IBS is categorized into four subtypes, with IBS-C (IBS with constipation) accounting for about one-third of cases. It is diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria, which require abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, such as infrequent, hard stools. IBS-C is influenced by multiple factors including gut motility changes, intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, immune dysfunction, and gut microbiota changes. Psychosocial factors like anxiety and trauma can exacerbate symptoms, and IBS often overlaps with conditions like GERD and functional dyspepsia.

Treatment for IBS-C typically starts with lifestyle changes, such as a low-FODMAP diet, and nonpharmacologic options like soluble fiber supplements. For more severe cases, FDA-approved medications like lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide, and tenapanor are used to improve symptoms by increasing intestinal fluid and motility. Psychological therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help with persistent pain or psychological issues. A strong patient-provider relationship is essential for effective treatment, as it ensures compliance, reduces stigma, and enhances outcomes. Ongoing research promises new treatment options, offering hope for better IBS-C management in the future.

Reference: Sendzischew Shane MA, Ruddy J, Cline M, et al. Review of the Patient Burden and Therapeutic Landscape of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation in the United States. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2024 Aug 2;17:227-253. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S464375. Erratum in: Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2024 Nov 20;17:347-348. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S506887. PMID: 39114809; PMCID: PMC11303673.