FODMAPs are a group of short-chain carbohydrates (sugars) that are not fully digested or absorbed in the intestines. When they reach the large intestine, they attract water and are fermented by gut bacteria, producing gas. This process causes the intestinal wall to stretch, leading to pain and discomfort, especially for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who have a sensitive gut. FODMAPs are found naturally in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, dairy, grains, and certain sweeteners. Common types of FODMAPs include oligosaccharides (like fructans in wheat and garlic), disaccharides (like lactose in dairy), monosaccharides (like fructose in fruits), and polyols (like sorbitol in some fruits and artificial sweeteners).

The low FODMAP diet, developed by Monash University, helps manage IBS symptoms by eliminating high FODMAP foods and gradually reintroducing them. It has been shown to improve symptoms like pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits in many patients with IBS, with benefits usually seen within two to six weeks. The diet is recommended for people diagnosed with IBS and should be followed under the guidance of a healthcare professional. For those who do not benefit from the Low FODMAP Diet, other therapies such as stress reduction, hypnotherapy, or medications may be needed.

Reference: FODMAPs and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Monash University. Accessed February 7, 2025. https://www.monashfodmap.com/about-fodmap-and-ibs/